Sunday 15 December 2013

Managerial Economics Slideshow

Managerial economics as defined by Edwin Mansfield is "concerned with application of the economic concepts and economic analysis to the problems of formulating rational managerial decision.It is sometimes referred to as business economics and is a branch of economics that applies microeconomic analysis to decision methods of businesses or other management units. As such, it bridges economic theory and economics in practice.It draws heavily from quantitative techniques such as regression analysis, correlation and calculus. If there is a unifying theme that runs through most of managerial economics, it is the attempt to optimize business decisions given the firm's objectives and given constraints imposed by scarcity, for example through the use of operations research, mathematical programming, game theory for strategic decisions, and other computational methods.

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 Managerial Economics Slideshow

Financial Management

What is Financial Management

A basic management function involving formulation of one or more detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with the available resources. The planning process (1) identifies the goals or objectives to be achieved, (2) formulates strategies to achieve them, (3) arranges or creates the means required, and (4) implements, directs, and monitors all steps in their proper sequence.

Objectives of Financial Management

1.Profit maximization : (Objectives of Financial Management)

The main objective of financial management is profit maximization. The finance manager tries to earn maximum profits for the company in the short-term and the long-term. He cannot guarantee profits in the long term because of business uncertainties. However, a company can earn maximum profits even in the long-term, if:-
a)The Finance manager takes proper financial decisions.
b)He uses the finance of the company properly.

Objectives of Financial Management
2.Wealth maximization : (Objectives of Financial Management)
Wealth maximizing (shareholders' value maximization) is also a main objective of financial management. Wealth maximization means to earn maximum wealth for the shareholders. So, the finance manager tries to give a maximum dividend to the shareholders. He also tries to increase the market value of the shares. The market value of the shares is directly related to the performance of the company. Better the performance, higher is the market value of shares and vice-versa. So, the finance manager must try to maximise shareholder's value.
3.Proper estimation of total financial requirements : (Objectives of Financial Management)
Proper estimation of total financial requirements is a very important objective of financial management. The finance manager must estimate the total financial requirements of the company. He must find out how much finance is required to start and run the company. He must find out the fixed capital and working capital requirements of the company. His estimation must be correct. If not, there will be shortage or surplus of finance. Estimating the financial requirements is a very difficult job. The finance manager must consider many factors, such as the type of technology used by company, number of employees employed, scale of operations, legal requirements, etc.
4.Proper mobilisation : (Objectives of Financial Management)
Mobilisation (collection) of finance is an important objective of financial management. After estimating the financial requirements, the finance manager must decide about the sources of finance. He can collect finance from many sources such as shares, debentures, bank loans, etc. There must be a proper balance between owned finance and borrowed finance. The company must borrow money at a low rate of interest.
5.Proper utilisation of finance : (Objectives of Financial Management)
Proper utilisation of finance is an important objective of financial management. The finance manager must make optimum utilisation of finance. He must use the finance profitable. He must not waste the finance of the company. He must not invest the company's finance in unprofitable projects. He must not block the company's finance in inventories. He must have a short credit period.
6.Maintaining proper cash flow : (Objectives of Financial Management)
Maintaining proper cash flow is a short-term objective of financial management. The company must have a proper cash flow to pay the day-to-day expenses such as purchase of raw materials, payment of wages and salaries, rent, electricity bills, etc. If the company has a good cash flow, it can take advantage of many opportunities such as getting cash discounts on purchases, large-scale purchasing, giving credit to customers, etc. A healthy cash flow improves the chances of survival and success of the company.
7.Survival of company : (Objectives of Financial Management)
Survival is the most important objective of financial management. The company must survive in this competitive business world. The finance manager must be very careful while making financial decisions. One wrong decision can make the company sick, and it will close down.

 Managerial Economics
Optimization Calculus
Agenda
  1. Finding Maximum Points
  2. Finding Minimum Points
  3. Multivariate Optimization
  4. Role of Constraints
  5. Lagrangian Method

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An Overview of Financial Management

Chapter # One Outlinne

  1. Finance Explained
  2. Areas of Finance
  3. Scope of Finance
  4. Forms of Business Organization
  5. Goals of the Corporation
  6. Career Opportunities
  7. Agency Theory
  8. Role of Finance Manager

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Demand Analysis-Managerial Economics

Definition Of Demand
An economic principle that describes a consumer's desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service. Holding all other factors constant, the price of a good or service increases as its demand increases and vice versa. 
Quantity demanded
The amount of good that a consumer is willing and able to buy at a given price over a given period of time.
Types Of Goods
Substitute goods: A pair of good which are considered by consumers to be alternatives to each other.
Complementary goods: A pair of good consumed together. As the price of one goes up, the demand for both goods will fall.
Normal Good: A good whose demand rises as people's income rises.
Inferior good: A good whose demand falls as people's income rise.

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Message of  Vice Chancellor

Definitely an educationist will bask in glory when the candle of knowledge burns around. The happiness reaches to its pinnacles when the individual is counted on and trusted. Therefore I am no exception to it. I have an opportunity to bring the future leaders of our beautiful country in the lime light of success.
I have confidence in my students that they will bring the good reputation for University and the nation. The university appeared on the horizon with the name of a martyr. History will remember the Daughter of the East and with her memories the students' response is positive. The great leader's vision will lead them. The very imagination fills my heart with joy.
The fathomless depth of delight could not be measured but only by the person who has a chance to become a herald of the new brave world of the people who are competent enough to take reigns in their hands. I, being the Vice Chancellor of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad pledge to take every effort to bring the name of this University on the top.
My aim is to open various departments, while presently BS (English), BBA, B.Ed. are functioning and have exhibited their performance more than the expected calculations. No doubt the coming batches of the University will fulfill the promise with the ability and dedication.
As far as the faculty members are concerned they have capability to deliver the task assigned to them. They are highly qualified and have knack to meet the challenge. I am proud of them.
The considerable segment of our nation remains away from education because they are so much engrossed in the battle of life that they cannot achieve the academic goals. Such persons would also get the benefit from the University recently established in their vicinity. Keeping in view, the education for all, the University has started an MBA Two-year Program in the evening and BS Chemistry regular program in morning.
I wish best of luck for everyone.

Friday 6 December 2013